The processing speed of microprocessors has been stagnant for the past 20 years. More recently, Moore’s law has started to break down as nanofabrication technology gets closer to its inevitable physical limit. In this post-Moore’s law age, significant efforts from numerous research areas have been made to create fast and power-efficient computing systems. Integrated photonics [..]

As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, biometrics companies are modifying and upgrading their biometric identity systems with facial recognition software and temperature sensors to offer new capabilities that comply with the regulations. They are introducing novel access control biometric identification systems. When individuals enter buildings, they are screened by thermal imaging cameras added to [..]

The ability to monitor the progression of retinal vascular diseases like diabetic retinopathy in small animal models is often complicated by their failure to develop the end-stage complications which characterize the human phenotypes in disease. Interestingly, as micro-vascular dysfunction typically precedes the onset of retinal vascular and even some neurodegenerative diseases, the ability to visualize [..]

A photonic device that emits light only in one way has been created. By meticulously modifying a set of etched silica bars’ shapes, they could make their device by changing a curious effect that had been predicted 90 years earlier. Numerous optoelectronic uses for the light source are possible. Light will gladly travel in both [..]

Dentists must know the precise location of the mandibular canal, which runs along both sides of the lower jaw and houses the alveolar nerve, to plan a dental implant procedure and determine the implant size and position. Medical professionals use computer tomography (CT) models and X-rays to identify and diagnose the lower jaw’s anatomically complex [..]

Optical frequency combs, which provide hundreds of evenly spaced and mutually synchronized laser lines, are a crucial component of microwave photonics. They are extremely brief optical pulses with a steady repetition rate that matches comb line frequency spacing—the bursts’ photodetection results in the creation of a microwave carrier. Chip-scale frequency combs made from nonlinear microresonators [..]

In addition to having a basic impact on science, the three-dimensional (3D) vectorial nature of electromagnetic waves of light has inspired innovative uses for optical displays, microscopy, and manipulation. Conventional optical holography, on the other hand, can only handle the amplitude and phase information of an optical beam, totally excluding the 3D vectorial feature of [..]

Will automated infection monitoring become a global standard in airports? Even in the busiest terminals, real-time thermal tracking along with immediately accessible biometric data that could be extracted and analyzed (using computer vision technology) would make it easier for airport staff to spot people who might be unwell. The individual’s potential sites of contact could [..]

Synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microscopy can be used to measure the concentrations of different elements in cross-sections of the ear at extremely high resolution. This method could address many open questions in hearing medical diagnosis research. X-ray fluorescence microscopy uses synchrotron radiation to evoke emissions from many biologically relevant elements in the tissue. The intensity and [..]

Leading research teams in nanophotonics are creating optical transistors, which will be crucial parts of upcoming optical computers. Instead of using electrons to process information, these photonic devices use light to produce less heat and operate more quickly. For microelectronics engineers, the poor photon-to-photon interaction poses a significant challenge. Scientists developed a planar system to [..]

The number of COVID-19 cases has not yet hit its peak and supplies of essential personal protective equipment (PPE) such as N95 masks are dwindling, so medical communities are desperately looking for alternative solutions for disinfecting masks that healthcare workers are being forced to reuse. Medical optics solutions can prove very helpful in such conditions.  [..]

A laser-based interferometer sensor that can quickly identify coronavirus from saliva or nasal swab at the site of infection is being developed by researchers. The researchers are working on a brand-new optical biosensor demonstrator that can quickly and painlessly identify COVID-19 in humans as soon as it enters the body. The sensor is far more [..]

For use with adaptive optical (AO) systems combined with big ground-based astronomical telescopes, artificial “guide stars” are created in the mesosphere at an altitude of about 90 km using lasers that emit light at the sodium line, which is a doublet at a wavelength of about 589 nm. Astronomers can use AO to rectify atmospheric [..]

Computed tomography (CT), which can find lung tumors, is regularly used to screen people at a high risk of lung cancer, such as heavy smokers. However, because it also detects benign nodules in the lungs, this test has a very high incidence of false positives. Researchers have created a urine test to diagnose lung cancer [..]

An advanced X-ray imaging technique called propagation-based phase-contrast CT (PB-CT) can produce diagnostic breast images of better quality than absorption-based CT (AB-CT) at glandular radiation doses similar to or lower than traditional mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis. (DBT). The technology is presently only suitable for synchrotron light sources, but as compact light sources develop, the [..]

High-performance mid-infrared laser diodes have been made for the first time directly on silicon substrates suitable for microelectronics. The new lasers may make the widespread creation of low-cost sensors for real-time, precise environmental sensing for air pollution tracking, food safety analysis, and pipe leak detection possible. Most optical chemical instruments rely on the interaction of [..]

Concerns about the potential effects of plastic coatings in optoelectronic devices have begun to surface as the environmental cost of plastic microparticles and nanoparticles has become increasingly obvious. A research team suggests one potential response: Use fish scales to create the pictures. The team focused on the transparent plastic films that are used in a [..]

The study of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) positioning is crucial to the safety of autonomous cars. Global positioning system (GPS) has gained popularity as an option because it is inexpensive and simple to use. Researchers have suggested a reliable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) positioning technique based on visible light transmission that uses a monocular camera. (VLC). The baseline, which [..]

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has revolutionized materials science, nanotechnology, chemistry, and biology by making it possible to map surface properties and manipulate surfaces with atomic precision. These accomplishments, though, still require ongoing human supervision; completely automated SPM is still a work in progress. Researchers present a machine learning-based artificial intelligence system for autonomous SPM operation. [..]

Biological engineers have developed a multi-tissue model on a specialized microfluidic platform seeded with human cells, enabling them to research the interactions between various organs and the immune system. The study team investigated the function of circulating immune cells in ulcerative colitis and other inflammatory diseases using this model, also known as “organ-on-a-chip” or “physiome [..]